青藏高原东北边缘冰雹形成机理   总被引：30，自引：7，他引：23  

康凤琴  张强  马胜萍  乔艳君  郭学良 《高原气象》2004,23(6):749-757

"穴道"理论认为,冰雹云中存在冰雹形成和增长的"穴道"。本文以在青藏高原东北边缘及毗邻地区常诱发冰雹灾害的东移短小切变线天气过程为研究背景,采用三维冰雹云分档模式,用MM5V3中尺度气象模式提供冰雹云模拟研究所需的环境大气状况,模拟研究了各类冰雹形成和增长的过程。结果表明,温度、云中上升气流、水平风速零线和云中各类水成物、各类冰雹质粒的空间分布满足"穴道"理论描述的配置区域是冰雹颗粒含水量的大值范围。同时显示出了小冰粒子(D<1mm)、霰和雹胚(1mm相似文献   

Glacier runoff variation and its influence on river runoff during 1961–2006 in the Tarim River Basin, China     

GAO Xin    YE BaiSheng  ZHANG ShiQiang  QIAO ChengJun  & ZHANG XiaoWen State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences CAREERI  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Lanzhou  China  Cold  Arid Regions Environmental  Engineering Research Institute  The Resource Environment  Urban  Rural Planning Department  Lanzhou Commercial College  Lanzhou 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,(6)

Using monthly precipitation and temperature data from national meteorological stations, 90 m resolution DEM and a digital vector map of modern glaciers from the Chinese Glacier Inventory, the glacier mass balance and glacier runoff in the Tarim River Basin (TRB), China, were estimated based on a monthly degree-day model for 1961–2006. The results suggest that the modified monthly degree-day model can simulate the long-term changes in glacier mass balance and glacier runoff, which have been confirmed by shor...  相似文献   

赣东北晚三叠世安源组植物群   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

熊鑫琪  黄其胜  喻建新  陈建华 《地球科学》2009,34(3):405-411

通过对赣东北上饶地区宋村、司铺和东山村3条剖面保存的植物化石全面研究, 讨论了赣东北安源组地层分布特征, 安源植物群的组成、特征及其地质时代.鉴定并统计安源植物群有28属60种, 其中苏铁类及本内苏铁类11属33种, 占植物群总数55.0%, 居植物群首位; 真蕨类5属11种, 占植物群总数18.3%, 居植物群第2位; 种子蕨4属6种, 占植物群总数10.0%;有节类2属3种, 占植物群3.0%, 然而丰度高; 银杏类4属5种, 占8.3%, 松柏类及繁殖器官2属2种, 占3.4%.该植物群归于晚三叠世Ptilozamites-Anthrophyopsis组合.安源植物群组成分子中, 喜湿植物14种, 占植物群23.3%, 耐旱植物46种, 占植物群76.7%, 属于半潮湿型.喜热植物45种, 占植物群75.0%, 广温植物15种, 占植物群25.0%, 属炎热型, 代表中国南方滨海型热带亚热带半潮湿气候.   相似文献   

高效纤维素降解菌系的构建   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李平  王焰新  刘琨  王艳红  童蕾 《地球科学》2009,34(3):533-538

筛选出能产生不同纤维素酶的10株纤维素降解菌, 系统地分析了各菌株的EG、CBH和BG酶等3类纤维素酶活.经各菌株优化组合、混合培养, 构建了一组由5株细菌(LCB03、LCB12、LCB52、LCD12和LCD51)组成、能协同作用的复合微生物菌系.经生理生化和分子水平鉴定, 这5株细菌分别为Pseudomonas citronellolis(香茅醇假单胞菌)、Stenotrophomonas malto-philia(嗜麦芽寡食单胞菌)、Pseudomonas aeruginosa(铜绿假单胞菌)、Pseudomonas aeruginosa(铜绿假单胞菌)和Flavobacterium mizutaii(水氏黄杆菌).复合菌系的各菌株可产生不同类型的纤维素酶, 且各类酶可以协同作用有效分解天然纤维素, 在纤维素类污染的治理与资源化利用中具有很好的应用前景.   相似文献   

Brief Introduction of Journals Sponsored by CAREERI     

Sciences in Cold  Arid Regions 《寒旱区科学》2009,1(4):0380-0380

  相似文献   

Effect of streambed sediment on benthic ecology   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

Xuehua DUAN  Zhao-Yin WANG  Mengzhen XU  Kang ZHANG Ph.D.  Jiangyin Environmental Monitoring Station  Jiangyin  China  Dept. of Hydraulic Engineering  Tsinghua University  Prof.  State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience  Engineering  Beijing  Doctoral c  idate  Doctoral c  idate  Be... 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(3):325-338

Benthic macroinvertebrates have been commonly used as indicator species for assessment of aquatic ecology. Streambed sediment, or substrate, plays an important role in habitat conditions for macroinvertebrate communities. Field investigations were done to study the benthic diversity and macroinvertebrate compositions in various stream substrata. Sampling sites with different bed sediment, latitude, and climate were selected along the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the East River, and the Juma River, in China. The results show that benthic community structures found in different substrata clearly differ, while those found in substrata of similar composition and flow conditions but in different macroclimates are similar. The study, thus, demonstrates that the benthic macroinvertebrate community is mainly affected by substrate composition and flow conditions, but is generally unaffected by latitudinal position and macroclimate. Taxa richness of the maeroinvertebrate community was found to be the highest on hydrophyte-covered cobbles, high on moss-covered bedrock, and low on clay beds and cobble beds devoid of plant biomass. Sandy beds are compact and unstable, thus, no benthic macroinvertebrates were found colonizing such substrata. Aquatic insects account for most of the macroinvertebrates collected in these rivers. Different insects dominate in different types of substrata： mainly EPT species （Ephemeroptera, Ptecoptera, Tfichoptera） in cobble, gravel, and moss-covered bedrock; and Chironomidae larvae in clay beds. The relation between the number of species in the samples and the size of the sampling area fits a power function of the species area. One square meter （lm） is suggested as the minimum sampling area. A substrate suitability index is proposed by integrating the suitability of sediment, periphyton, and benthic organic materials for macroinvertebrates. The biodiversity of macroinvertebrates increases linearly with the substrate suitability index. Benthic taxa richness increases linearly with the suitability index.  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of sedimentation processes in reservoirs as a function of outlet location     

Horacio TONIOLO 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(3):339-351

This paper builds on a recently published one-dimensional moving-boundary model of the coevolution of topset, foreset and bottomset in a reservoir that captures the dynamics of the internal muddy pond typical to reservoirs. This model was modified to account for different outlet locations at the reservoir＇s downstream end. This model considers a river carrying two sustained phases of sediments： coarse （sand） and fine （mud）. The coarse phase deposits in the topset and delta foreset, while the fine phase forms a dilute suspension of wash load in the river. As the river enters the reservoir, the muddy water plunges on the foreset to form a Froude-supercritical （purely depositional） turbidity current. This turbidity current emplaces the bottomset. The modified numerical model was tested against five laboratory experiments previously reported by the author. The model successfully locates the muddy-water/clear-water interface. In addition, modeled and measured bed deposits are in good agreement. Results clearly indicate that the location of the internal hydraulic jump plays a key role in the final bed deposit.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a gravel transport sensor for bed load measurements in natural flows     

Athanasios N. 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(1):1-15

A recent acoustic instrument （Gravel Transport Sensor, GTS） was tested for predicting sediment transport rate （bed load rate） in gravel bed streams. The GTS operation is based on the particle collision theory of submerged obstacles in fluids. When particles collide with the GTS cylinder their momentum is recorded in the form of ping rates. The GTS is attractive for further consideration here because of its potential to provide continuous unattended local bed load measurements, especially in areas found in streams that access may be difficult under extreme conditions. Laboratory experiments coupled with numerical simulations for the same flow conditions were performed in order to determine the conditions under which particles of different size will hit the GTS cylinder and be able to register a ping rate. The GTS was able to detect the number of particles with diameter in the range of 15.9 to 25.4 mm, with reasonable accuracy, if the applied Shields effective stress τ＊e = τ＊ - τ＊cr was in the range of 0.006 to 0.015. A drawback of the tested prototype GTS, however, was that it exerted increased resistance on the incoming particles. The added drag effects increased the overall resistance that was exerted by the flow on particles and thus increased the likelihood that particles will rest in the ambient region of the cylinder instead of hitting it. Numerical simulation of the flow around the GTS cylinder revealed that changing the prototype geometry from cylindrical to ellipsoid or rhomboid will increase the likelihood of the particles hitting the instrument under the same flow conditions failed by the original tested GTS cylinder.  相似文献   

腕足化石古温度研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程红光  李心清  袁洪林  王兵  程建中 《地球科学》2011,36(4):679-686

温度变化研究是理解地球气候系统变化的关键环节之一.通过对海水温度变化的了解,可以系统地了解全球气候演化规律及其驱动机制.由于腕足化石具有保存完好以及分布年限长等优势,提取腕足化石中氧同位素信息进行古生代海水温度变化研究,已成为常用手段,但利用其Mg/Ca比值进行古温度变化的探讨却很少报道.通过对四川龙门山泥盆纪腕足化石中氧同位素以及Fe、Mn、Sr、Mg、Ca等微量元素的提取,结合微体结构观察、阴极发光等实验,在判定腕足化石保存良好的前提下,发现根据腕足化石中Mg/Ca(mmol/mol,下同)比值计算的温度相比氧同位素推算的温度,同生物学、古地理学证据显示的温度更为接近.此结果可能是由于利用氧同位素计算温度时古海水氧同位素未知及其不稳定性造成的.尽管腕足化石Mg/Ca比值温度计同样受海水的盐度以及pH等因素的影响,但计算结果显示,其反演的古温度比较接近真实的温度变化.   相似文献   

坡顶住宅开裂原因探讨     

刘东  匡立新 《化工矿产地质》2004,26(2):117-121

由于边坡挡土墙设计失误、基础施工影响及原事故处理不当等原因,造成施工地段桩基-地基土-挡土墙体系超量位移,从而导致桌坡顶住宅楼开裂。通过在相应部位施工钻孔灌注桩,完善相关排水、隔水系统等措施,使住宅和边坡达到稳定。由此,应引起工程界对坡顶建筑-基础-地基土-边坡支护体系相互作用机理相关问题的重视。  相似文献